Chapter 6

Observation versus experiment

  1. Compare and constrast observational and experimental studies.
  2. Given the description of a study, identify whether the study was observational or experimental.
  3. Define confounding in terms of the observed association between an explanatory variable and a response variable.
  4. Propose confounding variables that might explain an assocation in an observational study.

Sampling

  1. Compare and contrast a population and a sample.
  2. Given the description of a study, identify the target population, the sample, and the actual population.

Sampling Designs

  1. Define sampling design.
  2. Explain bias in a sampling design.
  3. Given the description of a study and its sampling design, identify possible biases in its sampling design.
  4. Define a convenience sampling design.
  5. Define a simple random sample (SRS) sampling design.