Chapter 6

Observation versus experiment

1. Compare and constrast observational and experimental studies.
2. Given the description of a study, identify whether the study was observational or experimental.
3. Define confounding in terms of the observed association between an explanatory variable and a response variable.
4. Propose confounding variables that might explain an assocation in an observational study.

Sampling

1. Compare and contrast a population and a sample.
2. Given the description of a study, identify the target population, the sample, and the actual population.

Sampling Designs

1. Define sampling design.
2. Explain bias in a sampling design.
3. Given the description of a study and its sampling design, identify possible biases in its sampling design.
4. Define a convenience sampling design.
5. Define a simple random sample (SRS) sampling design.